If recent times have taught us anything, it’s that Black voices, stories, and accomplishments need to be talked about. Shared. Celebrated.
And not just in the neat and tidy comfort of Black History Month, but every day. From physicians and surgeons to nurses and scientists, significant Black medical contributions date back to the American Revolutionary times and continue to develop incredible medical breakthroughs today. Here are some of our highly-celebrated, historical members of the medical community:
Alexa Irene Canady
As the first female African American neurosurgeon, Dr. Alexa Irene Canady nearly dropped out of her undergraduate program but decided to forge ahead, fueled by her passion for medicine - specifically in genetics research. A Lansing, Michigan native, Dr. Canady focused her studies in pediatrics and in 1981 became the first Black female neurosurgeon in the United States. Her notable research includes the effects of hydrocephalus on children.
James Durham
James Durham, the first Black physician, was born into slavery in 1762. While he obviously did not earn a medical degree, he became an assistant to the doctors who bought him. Durham allegedly bought his freedom and opened a New Orleans medical practice where he successfully treated patients during the yellow fever outbreak of the late 1780s.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler
Dr. Rebecca Lee Cumpler, the first Black woman to earn a medical degree, worked as a successful nurse and physician. Upon earning her medical degree in 1864, she focused her practice on women and children. She later published the first medical book written by a Black American author; in her book, she addressed prevention and treatment of diseases that affect women and children.
James McCune Smith
It’s widely believed that Dr. James McCune Smith was the first Black man to earn his medical degree. As a physician and schola, Dr. Smith was previously denied college admission in America - because of his determination, he moved to Scotland to earn his degree in 1837. It’s also believed that Smith was the first Black physician to publish articles in American medical journals, with writings on everything from science and medicine to education, racism, and even literature.
Myra Adele Logan
As the first woman to perform open-heart surgery in 1943, Dr. Myra Logan’s research included breast cancer and antibiotics. In fact, her open-heart procedure was on the 9th procedure to be performed worldwide. Her impressive research included developing accurate testing to detect density differences in breast tissue, and she was a founding partner of the first physicians group practice in all of the United States.
Louis T. Wright
A true pioneer in antibiotic research, Dr. Louis Wright became a physician, following in his father’s footsteps. A notable contribution to the medical field includes in the 1940’s, Wright led a team through researching how antibiotic chlortetracycline affects humans. Additionally, Wright served in the Army Medical Corps in World War 1 where he developed better vaccination techniques in order to protect the soldiers from smallpox. Through his service and studies, he became an expert on head injuries, working primarily in New York.
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